Chloroform yemhando yeindasitiri ine kuchena kwakanyanya
Zvivakwa
Mvura isina ruvara uye inoonekera. Ine simba rekudzivirira. Ine hwema hwakasiyana. Inonaka inotapira. Haitsvi nyore. Kana ikasangana nezuva kana kuti yakasanganiswa mumhepo, inopwanyika zvishoma nezvishoma yoburitsa phosgene (carbyl chloride). Saka, 1% ethanol inowanzowedzerwa se stabilizer. Inogona kusanganiswa ne ethanol, ether, benzene, petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide nemafuta. ImL inonyungudika mumvura inosvika 200mL (25℃). Kazhinji haitsvi, asi kuratidzwa kwenguva refu mumoto wakavhurika uye tembiricha yepamusoro kunogona kutsva. Mumvura yakawandisa, chiedza, tembiricha yepamusoro zvichaitika kuora, kuumbwa kwephosgene ine chepfu uye inoparadza uye hydrogen chloride. Zvigadziko zvakasimba zvakaita se lye uye potassium hydroxide zvinogona kuputsa chloroform kuita chlorates uye formates. Mukushanda kwealkali yakasimba nemvura, inogona kuumba zvinoputika. Kusangana nemvura netembiricha yakakwirira, kuora, ngura yesimbi nedzimwe simbi, ngura yepurasitiki nerabha.
Maitiro
Trichloromethane yemuindasitiri yakagezwa nemvura kubvisa ethanol, aldehyde nehydrogen chloride, uye yakagezwa nesulfuric acid yakakamurwa uye sodium hydroxide solution. Mvura yakaedzwa kuti ine alkaline uye yakagezwa kaviri. Mushure mekuomeswa neanhydrous calcium chloride, distillation, kuti pave netrichloromethane yakachena.
Kuchengetera
Chloroform ikemikari yeorganic inowanzo shandiswa senzira yekunyungudutsa uye yekupindura. Inopfava zvikuru, inobvira moto uye inoputika. Saka, cherechedza zvinotevera paunenge uchiichengeta:
1. Nzvimbo yekuchengetera: Chloroform inofanira kuchengetwa munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma uye ine mhepo yakanaka, kure nezuva rakananga uye tembiricha yakakwira. Nzvimbo yekuchengetera inofanira kunge iri kure nenzvimbo dzinopisa, kupisa uye oxidant, dzisingaputike.
2. Kurongedza: Chloroform inofanira kuchengetwa mumudziyo usingapindi mhepo wemhando yakagadzikana, senge mabhodhoro egirazi, mabhodhoro epurasitiki kana madhiramu esimbi. Kusimba uye kusimba kwemidziyo kunofanirwa kuongororwa nguva nenguva. Midziyo yeChloroform inofanira kuparadzaniswa kubva ku nitric acid uye alkaline substances kudzivirira kusawirirana.
3. Dzivisa kuvhiringidzika: chloroform haifanirwe kusanganiswa ne oxidant yakasimba, acid yakasimba, base yakasimba nezvimwe zvinhu kudzivirira kuita zvinhu zvine njodzi. Mukuchengetedza, kurodha, kuburitsa zvinhu uye kushandisa, kungwarira kunofanirwa kupihwa kudzivirira kuroverana, kukweshana uye kudedera, kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura uye tsaona.
4. Dzivirira magetsi asingachinji: Panguva yekuchengetera, kurodha, kuburitsa uye kushandisa chloroform, dzivirira magetsi asingachinji. Matanho akakodzera anofanira kutorwa, akadai sekudzika pasi, kufukidza, michina inorwisa static, nezvimwewo.
5. Kuzivikanwa kwemavara: Mudziyo wechloroform unofanirwa kunge wakanyorwa mavara akajeka uye kuzivikanwa, zvichiratidza zuva rekuchengetera, zita, huwandu, huwandu uye rumwe ruzivo, kuitira kuti zvive nyore kutarisira uye kuzivikanwa.
Mashandisirwo
Kuongororwa kwe cobalt, manganese, iridium, iodine, phosphorus extraction agent. Kuongororwa kwe inorganic phosphorus, organic glass, fat, rabber resin, alkaloid, wax, phosphorus, iodine solvent mu serum.
