Phenol (C6H5OH) ikristaro isina ruvara ine hwema hwakasiyana. Inoshanda sechinhu chakakosha mukugadzira mamwe maresini, mishonga inouraya bhakitiriya, mishonga yekuchengetedza, uye mishonga (yakadai seaspirin). Inogona zvakare kushandiswa pakuuraya hutachiona mumidziyo yekuvhiya, kurapa tsvina, kubvisa hutachiona paganda, kuderedza kuvaviwa, uye kurapa otitis media. Phenol ine poindi yekunyunguduka ye43°C uye inonyunguduka zvishoma mumvura patembiricha yemumba asi inonyunguduka nyore nyore muzvinhu zvinonyungudutsa. Kana tembiricha ikadarika 65°C, inosanganiswa nemvura chero zvakaenzana. Phenol inoparadza uye inokonzera denaturation yeprotein yemuno painobata. Mhinduro dzephenol dzinosangana neganda dzinogona kusukwa nedoro. Chikamu chidiki chephenol chinoiswa mumhepo chinoshanduka kuita quinone, chikaita pink. Chinoshanduka kuita purple kana chikasangana neferric ions, chinhu chinowanzoshandiswa kuyedza phenol.
Nhoroondo Yekuwanikwa
Phenol yakawanikwa mumarasha emarasha muna 1834 nenyanzvi yemakemikari yekuGermany Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, saka inozivikanwawo secarbolic acid. Phenol yakatanga kuzivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwechiremba wekuBritain ane mukurumbira Joseph Lister. Lister akaona kuti kufa kwakawanda mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwaikonzerwa nehutachiona hwemaronda uye kuumbwa kwepus. Netsaona, akashandisa mushonga wephenol wakasanganiswa kuti apfapfaidze zvishandiso zvekuvhiya nemaoko ake, izvo zvakaderedza zvakanyanya hutachiona hwevarwere. Kuwanikwa uku kwakasimbisa phenol semushonga une simba wekuuraya utachiona, zvikaita kuti Lister apiwe zita rekuti "Baba veKuvhiya kweAntiseptic."
Zvimiro zveMakemikoro
Phenol inogona kunwisa hunyoro kubva mumhepo yoita kuti inyungudike. Ine hwema hwakasiyana, uye mvura inonyungudutsa inonaka inotapira. Inoparadza zvakanyanya uye ine makemikari. Inoshanda pamwe chete nealdehydes nemaketones kugadzira phenolic resins nebisphenol A, uye neacetic anhydride kana salicylic acid kugadzira phenyl acetate nesalicylate esters. Inogonawo kupinda mu halogenation, hydrogenation, oxidation, alkylation, carboxylation, esterification, uye etherification reactions.
Pakupisa kwakajairika, phenol yakasimba uye haikurumidzi kupindura nesodium. Kana phenol ikapiswa kuti inyunguduke isati yawedzera sodium pakuyedza, inoderedzwa nyore nyore, uye ruvara rwayo runoshanduka pakupisa, zvichikanganisa mhedzisiro yekuyedza. Mukudzidzisa, imwe nzira yatorwa kuti iwane mhedzisiro yekuyedza inogutsa zviri nyore uye zvinobudirira. Muchubhu yekuyedza, 2–3 mL ye ether ine mvura inowedzerwa, ichiteverwa nechidimbu chesimbi yesodium yakakura sepizi. Mushure mekubvisa pamusoro peparafini nepepa rekusefa, sodium inoiswa mu ether, kwaisingapindi. Kuwedzera huwandu hushoma hwe phenol uye kuzunza chubhu kunoita kuti sodium iite nekukurumidza, ichigadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwegasi. Musimboti uri shure kwekuyedza uku ndewekuti phenol inonyunguduka mu ether, zvichiita kuti iite nyore kupindura ne sodium.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-20-2026